Natyasutra Online

Nature as a Separate Character

The core environment where the Gita Govinda occurs is the cosmic duo of the mystical forest, Vrindavan, along the banks of river Yamuna. The tangible and intangible elements of Nature set the different moods of the lovers and the theme of each scenario. Jayadeva ropes in Nature as a separate character, whose behaviour impacts the viewers as they observe the young couple in sorrow and in bliss. Smooth dark clouds, dense forest, quiet bowers, river bank (cool breeze), lonely place, dark night, all these elements of Nature are prominently mentioned and highlighted. The tamala tree, or Indian bay leaf, is shown here. The stage is generally set to focus on the two central figures of Radha and Krishna. Spring is the time of the drama, where the freshness of the season enables and enhances the mood for enjoyment. The aroma of tamala, the kinship flower, and its red blossoms are metaphors for young and vibrant love. There is a mention of different creatures observing this scene, including the black beetles or silimukha and cuckoos revelling like a choir. Pollen dust and jasmine in the air are said to enhance the experience for the viewer further. Even topographical elements such as sandalwood mountains are added to evoke specific emotions. When Radha is in agony, the sight of a timid doe is evoked to remind us of her vulnerability. Similarly, her rage is equated to a forest fire, massive and remorseless, symbolising the ferociousness that resides within her. Jayadeva sets the scene to showcase an entire forest preparing a red carpet for youthful lovers.